The role of information and communication technologies-based extension in agriculture: application, opportunities and challenges

A 2025 article by Kelvin Mulungu, Menale Kassie, and Maurice Tschopp from the Centre for Development and Environment (CDE) reviews 49 studies on ICT-based agricultural extension. It finds that digital tools such as mobile apps, SMS, videos, and voice services significantly improve farmers’ awareness, adoption of good practices, yields, and incomes. The authors highlight that effective ICT interventions require locally adapted content, training, and integration with complementary measures to maximize impact.